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B1 German grammar

N-declension

Decline frequent masculine nouns correctly.

The rule

Weak masculine nouns add -(e)n outside nominative singular. Learn exceptions separately: mixed nouns include des Namens and des Herzens.

der Student · den/dem/des Studenten

Recognise common weak masculine endings such as -e, -ant, -ent, -ist, -oge, and -at.

Keep the bare form only in nominative singular.

Add -n or -en in accusative, dative, genitive, and plural.

Core forms and structures

Use this table as a reference, then retrieve the forms without looking.

FormFunctionGerman exampleEnglish
Pattern 1Weak masculine accusative adds -en.Ich sehe den Studenten jeden Tag.I see the student every day.
Pattern 2Weak masculine dative adds -n.Wir helfen dem Kollegen.We help the colleague.
Pattern 3Weak masculine genitive adds -en rather than -s.Das Büro des Präsidenten ist oben.The president's office is upstairs.
Pattern 4Nominative singular keeps the base form.Der Kunde wartet draußen.The customer is waiting outside.
Pattern 5Herr has the special oblique form Herrn.Bitte sprechen Sie mit Herrn Klein.Please speak with Mr Klein.

German examples with English meanings

Ich sehe den Studenten jeden Tag.

I see the student every day.

Weak masculine accusative adds -en.

Wir helfen dem Kollegen.

We help the colleague.

Weak masculine dative adds -n.

Das Büro des Präsidenten ist oben.

The president's office is upstairs.

Weak masculine genitive adds -en rather than -s.

Der Kunde wartet draußen.

The customer is waiting outside.

Nominative singular keeps the base form.

Bitte sprechen Sie mit Herrn Klein.

Please speak with Mr Klein.

Herr has the special oblique form Herrn.

Common mistakes

Incorrect: Ich sehe den Student.

Correct: Ich sehe den Studenten jeden Tag.

Weak masculine accusative adds -en.

Incorrect: Wir helfen dem Kollege.

Correct: Wir helfen dem Kollegen.

Weak masculine dative adds -n.

Incorrect: Das Büro des Präsidents ist oben.

Correct: Das Büro des Präsidenten ist oben.

Weak masculine genitive adds -en rather than -s.

Incorrect: Der Kunden wartet draußen.

Correct: Der Kunde wartet draußen.

Nominative singular keeps the base form.

Incorrect: Bitte sprechen Sie mit Herr Klein.

Correct: Bitte sprechen Sie mit Herrn Klein.

Herr has the special oblique form Herrn.

Details and useful distinctions

Learn der Herr–Herrn separately. Mixed nouns add genitive -s: der Name, den/dem Namen, des Namens; das Herz has des Herzens and dem Herzen.

Practise this grammar

If a masculine person noun belongs to the weak group, add -(e)n everywhere except nominative singular.

Open N-declension exercises →

For source references and editorial level notes, see the grammar reference. You can report a correction if an explanation or example seems wrong.